Shenkottai Sri Avudai Akkal, a remarkable eighteenth-century woman saint from Tamil Nadu, was a self-realised advaitin who sang passionately about the ecstasy of spiritual union with the Absolute. A desolate and stigmatised Brahmin child-widow, she was initiated into Vedanta by the great master Tiruvisainallur Shridhara Venkatesa Ayyawal. Her songs, a radical elision of the metaphysical sublime and personal devotion, are narrated through existential tropes sourced from daily life, and also offer a powerful critique of the oppressive orthodox socio-religious practices of that period.
Composed in simple, colloquial Tamil, and bringing hope and solace to women in general and widows in particular for almost three centuries, these songs by Avudai Akkal were preserved within the oral tradition by Brahmin women of Tirunellveli district who sang them on all occasions. The songs were documented in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and have appeared in many Tamil publications. They appear in English translation for the first time in this book. Each song is accompanied by annotations and themed essays.
"Women always face violence from men. Equality is only preached, but not put into practice. Dalit women face more violence every day, and they will continue to do so until society changes and accepts them as equals." --Bharati from Andhra PradeshThe right to equality regardless of gender and caste is a fundamental right in India. However, the Indian government has acknowledged that institutional forces arraigned against this right are powerful and shape people's mindsets to accept pervasive gender and caste inequality. This is no more apparent than when one visits Dalit women living in their caste-segregated localities. Vulnerably positioned at the bottom of India's gender, caste and class hierarchies, Dalit women experience the outcome of severely imbalanced social, economic and political power equations in terms of endemic caste-class-gender discrimination and violence.This study presents an analytical overview of the complexities of systemic violence that Dalit women face through an analysis of 500 Dalit women's narratives across four states. Excerpts of these narratives are utilised to illustrate the wider trends and patterns of different manifestations of violence against Dalit women.
These stories, written originally in Hindi, reveal an author who can think and create in two languages with rare fluency. With her faultless ear for the cadences of Hindustani, Sara Rai illuminates the life of small towns with details which perhaps only a bilingual writer would pick up on. Equally important to her in the landscape of human lives is the presence of trees, birds, insects, and fish. Her Zen-like meditations on the silent yet profound movements of this world are presented in a language that is pared down, spare, and evocative. She remains unseen, but her presence animates each of her characters, whether it be Surabhi from ‘Catfish’, the eponymous Nabila, or Sour Face and Shrew from ‘Golden Anniversary’. The stories are presented here in a lucid translation by Ira Pande and the author.
______________________________________________________________________________________Sara Rai is a writer, translator, and editor. She has published four collections of short stories and a novel in Hindi. The German translation by Johanna Hahn of her selected short fiction, Im Labyrinth (The Labyrinth), won the Coburg Rückert Prize 2019 and was nominated for the Weltempfänger Prize 2020. She has translated five collections of short stories from Hindi into English, most recently Vinod Kumar Shukla’s Blue is like Blue (with Arvind Krishna Mehrotra), which won the Atta Galatta Prize 2019 and the Mathrubhumi Book of the Year Award 2020. Her memoir Raw Umber won the Tata Literature Live Book of the Year Award 2023 in the nonfiction category.
Ira Pande taught English Literature at Panjab University, Chandigarh. She has worked at The Indian Express and later, the journals Seminar and Biblio. She was with Dorling-Kindersley and Roli Books before becoming Chief Editor of the IIC Quarterly. Her English translation of Manohar Shyam Joshi’s T’ta Professor won the Crossword and Sahitya Akademi awards in 2010. She has also written, and later translated into Hindi, Diddi: My Mother’s Voice, an acclaimed memoir of her mother, the late author Shivani.
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